However, the definition of “airspace” is more technical and complex than that of maritime or land boundaries; this complicates the situation when it comes to saying that an object has entered the territory of a particular country while posing a danger to civil aviation. or a threat due to its “potential surveillance capability”.
AIRSPACE AND AIRSPACE REGULATIONS
The Spanish Agency for Aviation Safety considers airspace to be that part of the Earth’s atmosphere, whether land or sea, regulated by a particular country.
The extension also includes 12 nautical miles from the coast according to the marine definition of territorial waters. International airspace begins beyond the boundaries of sovereign airspace.
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The airspace is divided into controlled and uncontrolled airspace. The first covers different areas depending on the level of air traffic control they establish and their requirements of pilots and aircraft.
Uncontrolled airspace includes all other airspace not covered by these regulations.
VERTICAL BORDER
However, there is no agreement on the vertical extension of airspace sovereignty: the Federation of Aeronautics International (FAI) sets the limit of the atmosphere at 100 km, while the United States stipulates that anyone flying above 80 km is considered an astronaut can be considered.
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) divides the world into 9 flight information regions, each of which is in turn divided into two vertical regions: a lower plane and an upper plane.
The lower one is called the FIR (Flight Information Zone) and extends from the ground to flight level FL 245 (more than 7,300 meters). The upper zone is called the UIR (Header Zone) and includes the airspace between 7,300 meters – level FL 245 – and infinity.
Various theories and proposals have been put forward regarding the UIR or upper region, including 90 kilometers, the lowest altitude at which a satellite can remain in orbit, and the matter continues to be debated at the UN Commission for the peaceful exploitation of space.
In practice, however, the maximum altitude at which the aircraft can fly is well below the lowest possible perigee of an orbiting satellite, so the absence of a vertical constraint did not pose any problems.
Source: Ultimahora
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Karen Clayton is a seasoned journalist and author at The Nation Update, with a focus on world news and current events. She has a background in international relations, which gives her a deep understanding of the political, economic and social factors that shape the global landscape. She writes about a wide range of topics, including conflicts, political upheavals, and economic trends, as well as humanitarian crisis and human rights issues.
